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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=owdhvAJ-nE8&feature=player_embedded

11/10/2012 7:19:01 PM

nOVA sCOTIA

I was under the impression that the majority of green leafy plants(sunflower,tomatoe,squash and pumpkin)benefited and thrived from Endo Myco Fungi not ecto ???

11/10/2012 7:41:21 PM

your correct. later it shows clover with nitrogen nodules and how they help work together with endo also

11/10/2012 7:46:55 PM

nOVA sCOTIA

so what do you recommend Don? A legume cover crop ,a non legume cover crop or both???

11/10/2012 9:32:11 PM

Muddy Waters

Very interesting I'm getting lots of mushrooms in the Kin cave 2012 & melon cave in 2011.I dont do a cover crop though.

11/10/2012 11:54:33 PM

Boscawen, NH

The point of the video I believe is to show concern that the pathways that the nitrogen nodules and mycorrhizal fungi create are used by the bad pathogens (disease)to attack the plant. It is showing that these pathways allow for the early invasion of fungi pathogens and oomycetes. If you look up oomycetes you will see some of the plant diseases we all worry about.

11/11/2012 9:37:03 AM

another one of interest theres a video you can click on to

http://phys.org/news/2012-08-probiotics-boost-immunity.html

11/11/2012 9:51:11 AM

Torrance, Ca.

The second video is amazing Don!

11/11/2012 10:24:32 AM

Lakewood, CO

I tried the inoculant, Companion, who's active ingredient is the Bacillus subtilis this summer. I was kind of curious, and still am, to know if you could populate or do something to encourage the growth of the Bs? That and the Streptomyces lydicus in Actinovate - both are pretty pricey. Anybody have any ideas?

Having said that, I also wonder if having the stomata closed for "extended periods" is such a good thing? Especially if using foliar applications of teas and fertilizers. Seems like that could be a wasted effort and counter productive if the stomata are closed all the time?

Those live mushrooms in the 1st video sure look like one of the varieties that contain psilocybin.

11/11/2012 12:50:18 PM

Torrance, Ca.

And you know how we all liked psilocybin in our younger days!!!!

11/11/2012 1:01:13 PM

Connecticut

Two very different videos so I will offer my thoughts on each since my opinion has been requested…

If there are any follow-up questions please post them and I will do my best to try and answer them without getting into too much detail or add confusion.

-Mad Scientist Matt D.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=owdhvAJ-nE8&feature=player_embedded
Quick Summary:
*From what I gather pathogens are mimicking the pathway of the mycorrhizal fungi allowing them access to the plant which can lead to an increase the infection rate.

Additional Scientific Background Info:
Here is a very good YouTube video explaining gene regulation, but it may have more details than you want. I know it is more focuses on human digestion bacteria but the operons and promoters work the same way in the plant example above. After watching the video, think if a pathogen could mimic ‘Lactose’ then it could turn on three genes at once by removing the suppressor.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3S3ZOmleAj0

My personal opinion:
Mycorrhiza is increasing the surface area the host plants roots has access to. This allows greater access to nutrients and water but also increases the odds of coming into contact with a pathogen.

11/12/2012 3:05:10 PM

Connecticut

http://phys.org/news/2012-08-probiotics-boost-immunity.html

Quick Summary:

My understanding is the pathogen being used in this study infects plants though entering the stomata, so closing the stomata would reduce the entry points and also reduce the infection rate. This study shows research data that a soil based bacteria can influence the production of plant hormones.

Additional Scientific Background Info:

“avr” genes can increase the virulence of pathogens. This study specifically looks at the same pathogenic agent in the same host plant Arabidopsis.
http://www.biology.wustl.edu/faculty/chen.pdf

Explains about the actual bacterium involved in the above study from a grower’s style fact sheet that states the pathogen “…enters healthy plants through stomata or wounds…”.
http://www.ag.ndsu.edu/pubs/plantsci/hortcrop/pp736w.htm

My Personal opinion:

It is important to note that not all pathogens infect by entering the plant through the stomata. For example Powdery Mildew rests on the surface and does not need to enter stomata to cause infection.
Also, the study is on Arabidopsis which is the “lab rat of the plant world”. It is a small plant that has a relatively simple genome (that has been sequenced) and a short life cycle making it a great choice to run multiple trials in a short period of time.

It is interesting to learn that soil dwelling bacteria can influence stomata, but in order for the photosynthetic and transpiration processes to occur (gas and water exchange) the stomata have to open. Yes, they are regulated by the plant but the plant needs to breath so do not be under the impression that all the stomata will be closed and stop pathogen infection.

-Mad Scientist Matt D.

11/12/2012 3:06:04 PM